Manifesto Group: Somalia’s Last Chance for State Survival

 

Intii lagu guda jiray qalalaasaha siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya iyo burburkii ku xigay ee dowladda dumiyay sannadkii 1991, Waxaa dhacay isku-day ay aqoonyahannada iyo waxgaradka Soomaaliyeed ku doonayeen inay ka hortagaan musiibada soo aaddan kana badbaadiyaan bulshadooda burbur ku yimaada dowladda.

Bishii May 1990, koox ka kooban halgamayaashii xorriyadda Soomaaliyeed ee hore, culaamaau diin, ganacsato, waxgarad, salaadiin iyo siyaasiyiin, oo uu hoggaaminayo madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan, ayaa soo saaray bayaan furan oo ka kooban shan bog oo ku qoran afka Soomaaliga. Bayaanka waxaa uu ka dalbaday in kalitaliye, Sarreeye Guud Maxamed Siyaad Barre, uu xukunka iska casilo si looga hortago burburka ba'an ee ku soo food leh qaranimada. Bayaanka Waxa uu soo jeediyay tallaabooyin fudud isla markaana ujeedadoodu ahayd fududeynta xil wareejin nabad ah oo dhacda. Waxay qorshuhu ahaa in Ismaaciil Jimcaale Ossoble, oo ahaa sida la sheegay qofka fikradda asalka ah ee manifesto lahaa, dadkana iskugu keenay si farriintaas ugu midooban una saxiixaan,  lagu wareejiyo xilka si xaalad deggan uu ugu soo dabbaalo qalaalasaha taagnaa markaa ee qatarta ku ahaa qaran burbur ku yimaadda wadanka, waa hadii siyaad aqbalo soo jeedintaa ay manifesto soo jeediiyeen. Tallaabadaan geesinimada leh, inkastoo ay goor dambe timid, waxay lahayd suurtagalnimada inay badbaadiso Soomaaliya kana hortagto dagaal sokeeyaha ba'an ee dalka la degi doona.

Bayaankii Muqdhisho ee Koowaad.

Cabdi Sheekh Aadan, oo ka mid ahaa saxiixayaasha Manifestada, wuxuu leeyahay in beesha caalamku aysan wax tallaabo ah qaadin si ay u dhiirrigeliyaan ama u riixaan hirgelinta hindisaha. Haddii beesha caalamku ay sidaas yeeli lahaayeen, isagu wuxuu aaminsayahay inay wax weyn ka beddeli lahayd dhacdooyin badan oo dhici lahaa. Iyada oo Maraykanka uu ku mashquulsanaa  dagaalka soo socday Khaliijka, Axmed Shell, oo isna ahaa saxiix kale ee Manifestada, wuxuu aaminsan yahay, beesha caalamka in aysan sidaa  diiradda usii saarin arrimaha Soomaaliya; kuwii danaynayayna, nasiib darro, waxay ahaayeen kuwii taageerayay maamulka kaligii taliska ahaa, oo uu ula jeedo Talyaaniga.

Nasiibdarro, Siyaad Barre wuu diiday soo jeedinta, isagoo doortay inuu xukunka ku sii dheganaado iyada oo loo marayo xoog iyo majaxuubsi. halkaas oo xitaa soo saarida qoraal cabasho fudud ah loo arkayey khatar amni iyo jiritaan. Natiijaduna waxay noqotay in laba ama saddex meelood ka dib saxiixayaashii la xiray lana horgeeyay maxkamad aan caddaalad ahayn.

Maxamad Dahir Afrax Buuggiisa "Dal dad waayay iyo duni damiir beeshay: Soomaliya dib ma usoo dhalan doontaa", waxa uu ku doodayaa in reer Maanafesto ay holliyeen fikrad loo baahnaa ama qarannimada lagu badbaadin kari lahaa. Laakiin noqotay fikrad dhicisowday, saddex sababood ayuu ku leeyahhay way ay sababtay: 

• Macangagnimada askartii qoriga isu haysatey talis iyo mucaaradba;
• Abaabul-xumo iyo gar-wadeen la'aan haysatey reer Maanafest; iyo 
• Waqtiga oo ku beegnaa goor xeero iyo fandhaal kala dhaceen oo dagaalkii sokeeye durba ku bilowday Xamar iyo Hargeysaba.

Qiyaastii lix bilood ka dib markii bayaankii manifesto la soo saaray, dagaalkii hubeysnaa wuxuu gaaray Muqdisho. Waqtigaas, xaaladdu waxay ahayd mid aan la xakamayn karin. Odayaashii Manifestada waxay mar kale isku dayeen inay ka dhaadhiciyaan Siad Barre inuu awoodda ku wareejiyo ku xigeenkiisii, Xuseen Kulmiye Afrax, ilaa iyo inta laga dooranayo qofkii beddeli lahaa, hase ahaatee, baaqoodii dhag jalaq looma siinin. Nasiib darro, intii lagu jiray isku dayga dhexdhexaadinta dhinacyada diriraya, laba ka mid ah saxiixayaasha caanka ah, Xaashi Weheliye iyo Muuse Boqor, ayaa la dilay.

Cawaaqibka tallaabooyiinkaas diidmada ah ka dhalatay waxay noqotay mid laga shalaayo. Waxay gogol-dhig u noqotay sanado badan oo colaad sokeeye ah, waxayna aakhirkii horseedeen khasaare nafeed oo baaxad weyn, barakac ballaaran, iyo burbur qaran oo dhammaystiran oo Soomaaliya ku habsaday 1991.

Tixraac iyo Akhris Dheeri ah:

Maxamad Haji Ingiriis, (2012). The Making of the 1990 Manifesto: Somalia’s Last Chance for State Survival. Goldsmiths, University of London, UK. URL: https://www.academia.edu/80775418/The_Making_of_the_1990_Manifesto_Somalias_Last_Chance_for_State_Survival

Somali Elders. (1990). An Open Letter to President Mohamed Siyaad Barre [Somali Manifesto I]. Horn of Africa, Volume XIII, No. 1 & 2, 109-124. URL: https://wardheernews.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/AN-OPEN-LETTER-TO-PRESIDENT-MOHAMED-SIYAAD-BARRE.pdf

Henry, N. (1990. Somalia Orders Trial for Signers of Rights Letter: Manifesto Calls for Ruler to Step Down, Elections Accused Could Face Death Penalty. The washington post. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/07/14/somalia-orders-trial-for-signers-of-rights-letter/b3f43974-88b4-429a-b17c-2e08e70dbf1b/

Maxamad Dahir Afrax, (2002). Dal dad waayay iyo duni damiir beeshay: Soomaliya dib ma usoo dhalan doontaa. Maji Matamu Printer Ltd. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/page-1-page-2-dal-dad-waayey-iyo-duni-damiir-beeshay-sonomafyi-dfb-ma-u-dhalrm-e34451090.html